Feudal System in Medieval Europe - 2265 Words

The Feudal System in Medieval Europe (7th†14th Century A.D.) 1 A Summary by kiplangat cheruiyot An Introduction At the beginning of medieval age in Europe, based on a feeble resource of data, it is believed that between 80†90% of the economic activity was agriculture. Nearly everybody therefore, earned a living through agriculture as an economic activity. The economic structure prevailing then became known as Feudalism, a term which has come to mean, an economic system based on Lordship (ownership) of vast Land (also known as the ‘manor’ or ‘estate’), owned by a senior lord, who gave the right of cultivation (fief) to a lower rank of people called the†¦show more content†¦The men below of lower rank were not slaves as such but in effect were workers without any rights (given to servitude). They had no economic recourse other than the land and could not leave it. If they did, the life away from the land was vandalism and adventure such as that of â€Å"Robin Hoodâ €  which was rather much worse. In effect Feudalism was a political system which decentralized and localized power. The system came to its Zenith at the beginning of the 12th Century. At this time most of the farming land belonged to most senior people, dioceses and monasteries. It turned out that administration of these estates became very difficult owing to the fact that most land owners had come into possession through various, hereditary paths. They owed loyalty to various warring vassals and thus administration of estates became very difficult. Politically, economically and socially, the feudal system was a way of making administration and communication easier especially to reach the furthest corners least populated or far stretched away from the centre. Those who gained most were the lords and the higher vassals. Nevertheless, the system gave rise to contractual obligations which maintained a semblanc e of economic well being for everyone. It also guaranteed economic benefits paidShow MoreRelatedContrast the Life of the Heian-Era Courtier with That of the Kamakura Samurai.783 Words   |  4 PagesCompare and contrast Medieval Europe with Medieval Japan using examples from three levels of society. †¢ The feudal system of Japan and the feudal system of Europe shared similar structures and values. †¢ The two feudal systems differed in many ways. These differences can be seen in the areas of religion, literature, and the role of women. †¢ The impact of both Japanese and European feudalism is still felt today. ESSENTIAL QUESTION What similarities did the feudal societies in Europe and Japan shareRead MoreMedieval Church And The Middle Ages1435 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Middle Ages. The most important component of the Middle Ages was feudalism, a system of social hierarchy. In the European feudal pyramid, the uppermost ranking was the king, followed by nobles and church officials, knights, and peasants. One’s social ranking determined their place in society as well as their amount of power. The manor system was the economic system associated with feudalism. In the manorial system, a landowner, or lord, would grant a piece of their land to someone in exchange forRead MoreTo What Extent Did Feudalism Affect the Societies in the Middle Ages?1518 Words   |  7 PagesMiddle Ages? Plan of Investigation The investigation assesses the significance of the feudal system in the middle ages. In order to evaluate the feudal system’s significance, the investigation evaluates each role of the social classes in a Middle Ages society. This includes the kings, nobles and lords, knights, and peasants and serfs. Articles and secondary sources are mostly used to evaluate the feudal system’s significance. Two of the sources used in this essay, Feudalism by Joseph R. StrayerRead MoreThe Fall Of The Roman Empire882 Words   |  4 PagesFeudalism was a system developed in Medieval Europe, which structured European society. This system emerged after the fall of the Roman Empire. People needed protection and the feudal system was a way of protecting people in exchange for their services. Feudalism was developed around the 8th to 12th centuries, and it was based on premises between the two people. Feudalism was a way of survival where people exchange their services for land or protectio n of the lords. There was no money involved inRead MoreThe Most Important Aspect Of Knighthood During The Middle Age1391 Words   |  6 Pagesreligion, prowess, and feudal loyalty. Chivalry refers to the lifestyle and moral code following by medieval knights they pledged their loyalty and services to their lord. The term feudalism is used to describe a variety of social, economic, and political obligations and relationships. The Greatest Warrior knight was Godfrey and if asked anyone who was the greatest warrior at the time they would say Godfrey. Chivalry refers to the lifestyle and moral code following by medieval knights they pledgedRead MoreThe Rise and Fall of Feudalism770 Words   |  4 Pagesdecentralized political system, flourished in Medieval Europe. In this essay, the main political and economic characteristics of Feudalism will be mentioned, while discussing the main historical factors to the rise and fall of feudalism. The rise of Feudalism was a direct result of insecurity that caused by several significant historical factors. At first, the collapse of Roman Empire that led to prolonged unrest and power struggles was essentially a reason for why Europe was divided into many smallRead MoreFeudal Europe Essay1611 Words   |  7 Pagesviews of the historian giving their perception of events†. This essay will discuss the key features of the feudal period and the key processes leading to the transition of this society from a sociological perspective covering; the rise of feudalism, the hierarchical structure of feudal Europe, the feudal mode of production, urban life, the role of religion and finally, the decline of the feudal period. Harman (2008) explains how Rome ruled its Empire in the West and East for 600 and 1600 yearsRead MoreMedieval Kings and Popes Essay658 Words   |  3 PagesFor military aid and expansion, early popes looked to medieval kings like Clovis of the Franks, but by the time of Charlemagne’s coronation by Pope Leo III, it became questionable whether the pope or the king was the higher authority. After the fall of the Roman Empire, Europe was decentralized with the development of feudalism, and this allowed the only unifying establishment, the Church, to become more powerful. Though the Pope and medieval kings originally held separate roles, with the rise ofRead MoreThe Effects of Feudalism Essay1161 Words   |  5 PagesIn Medieval times during the 10th and 13th centuries, a form of political and social organization called feudalism was a way of life that had great effect on people of the time and on the modern world. Feudalism was developed because of the weakness of Europe and its kings. The word feudalism comes from the word fief, which was the land held on condition of feudal service, similar to an estate (English). The fiefs bound together lords and vassals. Feudalism was a structure in which a lord dividedRead MoreRole Of The Military During Medieval Europe1229 Words   |  5 PagesMilitary in Medieval Europe Research Essay In my research essay, I will write about the role of the military in medieval Europe and will outline what the military were like and how they were established and organized. I will show how the military were connected to the government structure. I will also write about the technological and strategic advances that the military made during the medieval ages and how those had an impact on the role of the military today. In medieval Europe, the role

Situational Influences on Purchasing Behavior - 1938 Words

Running head: Situational Influences on Purchasing Behavior Situational Influences on Purchasing Behavior Abstract There was an investigation in an attempt to understand what situational influences affect purchasing behaviors of consumers. Fifty subjects were asked to complete a survey in determining what attributes affect the decision to purchase a product. The effect of purchase was based on three different times of day: morning, afternoon, and evening. The effect of purchase was also based on whether subjects preferred caffeinated or non-caffeinated soda depending on the time of day. The subjects were asked to rate their preferences on a 5 point rating scale, one being†¦show more content†¦We will also determine taste preference for that particular soda during a particular time of day. To summarize the main objectives of the present study, we will investigate an answer to the question of what impact situational influences on decision making have towards the purchase of a product. We will assess three different time periods; morning, afternoon, and evening based on the decision to drink a caffeinated or a non-caffeinated soda. In order to achieve results, we decided to develop a survey in which subjects were asked to complete a questionnaire based on their preference for the type of soda one drinks during a particular time of day to see if there are variations in taste attributes depending on the time of day the purchasing is taking place. We expect individuals to purchase more caffeinated products during the morning and the afternoon. , Whereas we expect them to purchase more non-caffeinated products. Method Participants Forty-nine subjects volunteered to participate in a survey designed to measure peoples preferences for caffeine, diet, cola, non-cola flavored, or clear cola in three different usage situations; the morning, the afternoon, and at night. The subjects were asked to participate by the three members of the research group. The subjects were not discriminated based onShow MoreRelatedInternal Factors That Influence Consumer Behavior1339 Words   |  6 Pagessuccessfully market their product or service, the behavior of consumers must be considered. Understanding how a person thinks, reacts, and feels may play a huge role in how a marketing manager sets up their campaign; thus determining whether or not their marketing plan was a success or failure. The factors that affect consumer behavior can be broken down into three segments: internal, external, and situational. Internal factors that influence consumer behavior involves the perception of a product by aRead MoreConsumer s Influence On Consumer Behavior1272 Words   |  6 Pagesto purchasing. Advancements in technology have not only allowed consumers the capability to research, price shop and purchase products, but have also given businesses the ability to reach a targeted market based on data collection and past purchase history. Given that consumers have the purchase power in today’s society, many businesses have implemented situational factors to influence a consumers buying behavior. Consumers typically have a level of purchase involvement when making purchasing decisionsRead MoreCognitive Process And Consumer Behavior And Purchasing Choices1746 Words   |  7 PagesA RESEARCH ON COGNITIVE PROCESS RELATED TO CONSUMER BEHAVIOR AND PURCHASING CHOICES By ADEOLA SAINT MATTHEW DANIEL (576870851) ‘This research project observes the Vancouver Island University code of conduct’ TABLE OF CONTENT CONCEPT OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....3 COGNITIVE PROCESS ANALYSIS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.3 COGNITIVE ACCURACY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 COMPONENTS OF COGNITIVE ACCURACY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...4, 5 FACTORS AFFECTING PURCHASING DECISIONS†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 CONTROLLING LEARNING HABIT†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6Read MoreInternal Influences and Consumer Decision Process1649 Words   |  7 PagesInternal Influences and Consumer Decision Process Consumers’ Purchase Decision: Motivation Consumer motivation is an internal state that drives people to identify and buy products or services that fulfill conscious and unconscious needs or desires. The fulfillment of those needs can then motivate them to make a repeat purchase or to find different goods and services to better fulfill those needs (Peter Donnelly, 2004). The behavioral aspect of consumer motivation concerns the actions someone takesRead MoreMaslow s Hierarchy Of Needs1646 Words   |  7 Pageswhy some factors (cultural and situational) may influence motivation and the effect. Motivation is a concept that this author struggles on a daily basis but has recently changed in a positive way because the goal (completing a bachelor’s degree) that was started thirty years ago is within reach. The cultural and situational factors has had and continue to have an impact on this author’s motivation and it would be interesting to analyze the cultural and situational factors from thirty years ago andRead MoreMarketing Strategy Of A Competitive Market Environment Strategies Adopted By Marketers883 Words   |  4 Pagesservices are crucial. This is because the choice of a marketing strategy may determine whether business organizations achieve their targeted sales or not. Ideally, the appropriate marketing strategies to use should be determined by the consumer purchasing behavior in respective markets. Therefore, for youth oriented consumer economies, marketers should adopt marketing strategies that target the youth population to effectively market their go ods and services. Over the last few decades consumption in ChinaRead MoreFactors That Influence Shopping Mall Behaviors1037 Words   |  5 Pagesimpact on shopping behaviors. The purpose of this desk research is to investigate what are the factors affect shopping time and analysis how they influence. This research focused on three main factors, gender, age and income, that has obvious influence on how much time the customers spend in shopping mall. Background Many theories have been proposed to explain the factors that influence shopping mall behaviors. Although it covers a wide variety of theories, such as situational, personal, socialRead MoreMotivating1047 Words   |  5 Pagestheir leaders behaviors and how they are treated on a daily basis. As a company decides to move employees have an enormous amount of things to consider. A few of my concerns with employees moving are; cost of living at the new location, school and daycare for children, jobs available for their spouse, and public transportation. Moving to a new location incurs costs that may be more significant that the compensation package allows. Selling a home at the current location and purchasing a new one isRead MoreThe Attitude Of Young Adult Vietnamese Consumers1633 Words   |  7 Pagessection aims to discuss the research results in relations to existing conclusions upon consumer attitudes and product theories and whether the research supports or disagrees it. Despite the various debates, attitude still contributes to consumer behavior to an extent. In reference to the tricomponent model, if the attitude is not strong, individuals are unlikely to act upon it. This conclusion discussed by Maio and Haddock (2009) is supported in the current research. Of the respondents, 23.3% ofRead MoreConsumer Behavior : What Affect Does It Have Potentially On A Community?1565 Words   |  7 PagesConsumer Behavior Analysis Introduction Consumer Behavior can be described in many ways. How does one describe it and just what affect does it have potentially on a community? One can imagine the positive or adverse effects it may have personally or with consumers, however, marketers know that value is the key in order to reach consumers. Our textbook provided the following focus; it states; â€Å"This chapter focuses on precisely how the value a consumer obtains from a purchase or consumption

The Sustainabile Production Of Palm Oil Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

string(53) " several values underlines its pecuniary importance\." This undertaking is centered on how the sustainability construction can be used to aline the environmental friendly patterns of palm oil production. It gathers together the fiscal and economic, environmental and societal dimensions of the concern. The methodological analysis consists of a straightforward analysis of the sustainability construct that includes three indispensable facets. We will write a custom essay sample on The Sustainabile Production Of Palm Oil Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The foremost one is the high income program of humanising the fiscal, economic and societal benefits and diminishing the environmental effects of the activities of oil thenar agribusiness over both the short- and long-terms. Second, in beef uping relationships and partnerships by familiarising and working with the employees, investors and stakeholders to talk about their demands and those of the industry in increasing the production of high quality merchandises from palm oil and its merchandises. The 3rd one is by meaning the dependability and committedness in continuing the high ethical motives of the industry in its daily procedures by bring forthing zero waste by full usage of its byproducts thereby diminishing pollution. It is our belief that industries are making the right thing by doing sustainability a portion of its twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours activity and it is besides our strong belief that the policies identified in the sustainability model are for the healthie r growing of the industry in the twenty-first century. Work-packages At the clip this undertaking proposal was made, the word packaging is associated with the aim of this undertaking. They include To truly understand the value usage of the thenar oil To happen out other economic values of the oil thenar To place the by -products of oil thenar after treating and ways to better on the waste that is been generated. To truly understand the utility of a thenar tree. It is truly of import to understand that every portion of a thenar tree is significantly utile The procedures involved in the production of a thenar tree. To foreground ways in which palm oil production could be made more feasible in the production concatenation. To measure the possible part of clean ( er ) engineering to increase the environmental public presentation of the rough palm oil industry To analyze application barriers for cleaner production in rough palm oil industry To bring forth constructs for traveling the palm oil industry towards sustainability Expected Results It is expected that this undertaking will demo assorted procedures involved in the production of palm oil. It will besides foreground countries that require betterment in footings of electricity coevals which could be used at the factory, watercourse production which is used in the sterilisation procedure utilizing the waste that is been generated from the factory. This undertaking will travel a long manner in doing us to understand the assorted merchandises which could be produced from the waste generated from the factory like the empty fruit brunch which could be in the production of soap and detergents, other merchandises which could be made from nonedible palm oil like Candles, Printing inks, Biodiesel, acids to lubricate fibres in the fabric industry, Cosmetics. Technical hazard anticipated This undertaking will non be expecting any proficient hazard. This is because the undertaking would be based on the research and audience from relevant thenar oil factory. Resources need Some of import resources will be needed for this undertaking. These resources will include: Internet information Information from oil factory Library information Beneficiaries of the work This undertaking will learn me some of import utilizations of palm oil and besides others uses that could be obtained from the waste that is been generated from the factory. I will besides larn some environmental issues that will be associated with the production of palm oil. This undertaking will be good to industries that produce palm oil for the efficient and feasible ways of palm oil production. Introduction Historical development of the universe thenar oil The beginning of palm oil started in the rain wood of West Africa, where it was used as a footing of oil and vitamins. Its ingestion has been for more than 5,000 old ages. ( Chavalparit, 2006 ) Presently the oil thenar tree can be seen in many tropical states in Asia, Africa and Latin America. The most critical countries of oil thenar agribusiness is in South East Asia. States like Malaysia, Indonesia and Thailand produce about 80 % of the universe ‘s palm oil ( Gopal, 2001 ) . Oil thenar seeds were introduced to Indonesia and Malaysia in 1848 and 1875 severally and the first industrial oil thenar plantation was introduced in Malaysia in 1917. ( Chavalparit, 2006 ) The autumn in monetary value gum elastic in the late 1920s exhilarated the agribusiness of oil thenar in Malaysia at that clip ; Nigeria and Zaire were the prima thenar oil manufacturers in the universe. From 1960-1995, the palm oil industry in Malaysia displayed a really fast development and of all time since it has been the universe ‘s prima exporter of thenar oil since 1966 replacing Nigeria, which had been the major maker and exporter since the debut of palm oil into the universe market. ( Chavalparit, 2006 ) More late, sustainability has received inordinate consideration with battles to integrate it into the palm oil concern scheme. In the sustainability model, the environmental, economic and societal characteristics are studied for their influences in both the short-run and long-terms. The three pronged policy of high income, value add-on and nothing waste are examined as portion of the journey towards corporate sustainability. Making so has one time once more revealed the benefits of the harvest in supplying oil to the universe. Oil thenar ( Elaeis guineensis ) was originated in the tropical rain forest part of West Africa and is one of the taking commercial oil harvests in that part. ( FAO ) The agribusiness of oil thenar serves as a agency of income for several people and truly the agrarian civilization of 1000000s of people in West Africa. The mention to oil thenar as a harvest of several values underlines its pecuniary importance. You read "The Sustainabile Production Of Palm Oil Environmental Sciences Essay" in category "Essay examples" It consist of critical constituents which includes ; the fronds, the foliages, the bole and the roots which are used for legion intents which ranges from palm oil, thenar meat oil, thenar vino, broom, and palm meats cake. Review on the sustainable agribusiness is critical due to the planetary involvement on how palm oil plantations have evolved and a set of principles/ guidelines are necessary for the production of palm oil. Many indispensable advantages are antecedently within the oil thenar system of works physiology of high productiveness and effectual C assimilation. Oil thenar is ascribed with its great oil output per unit country. It yields two types of oils from the same fruit. They are palm meats oil from the seed or kernel inside the hard-shell mesocarp and palm oil from the flesh or meso carp. ( Y. Basiron, 2007 ) The thenar meat besides produces a left over merchandise which is known as thenar meat repast, which could be used to feed animate beings. These oils are taken out by cautious split-up at different phases of the milling procedure. The production of Palm meat is about 10 % of the sum of palm oil produced. Both oils have dissimilar utilizations and market mercantile establishments. The oil from the flesh or mesocarp ( palm oil ) is used mostly for nutrient, while the oil from the meat goes largely into the oleochemical industry for the production of soaps, detergents and toilet articles merchandises. Numerous biomass merchandises produced from the oil thenar are non used up efficaciously. Production workss or handle oil Millss often produce big sums of fibre-type merchandises which are in the signifier of empty fruit Bunches and fruit mesocarp fibers, which are besides used back in the plantation for mulching and other agricultural intents. Fruits fiber and the meat shell are used to bring forth electricity and steam for the factory by firing them inside the boiler. The easiness to entree energy at the factory helps to cut down the cost of palm oil production in relation to the energy required to pull out the meat and the oil. The oil been produced from the thenar histories for approximately 10 % of the entire dry biomass while the other 90 % shows a important beginning of fibre cellulosic stuff which awaits commercial use. It could be anticipated that upcoming biofuel will be centered on the alteration of cellulosic fiber or biomass into liquid fuel. This makes the oil thenar truly attractive as a approachi ng beginning of renewable energy from the biomass which, if decently harnessed sagely, will heighten the sustainable production of palm oil. In the bio-based economic system, the handiness of biomass as feedstock for energy and merchandises will reasonably depend on the remains obtained from the agro-food concatenation. In this survey, the thought of increasing the sustainability of the thenar oil value concatenation will be expounded with the purpose to reap a verifiable sustainable biomass. It is made known that a common usage of both the valued comestible oil and biomass remains will ensue in a more sustainable value concatenation. In other words, it should be environmentally sound, economically feasible and socially acceptable. Palm oil production produces big measures of biomass byproduct which is five times the oil production and they are non utilised efficaciously to add value to the production concatenation. The present thenar oil production agreement is largely seen as unsustainable because of negative effects on biodiversity such as harm of virgin woods and nursery gas emanations related with bing waste dumping methods. The ingestion of byproducts for energy and green chemicals provides positions for be aftering a â€Å" certified † sustainable nutrient oil production concatenation that will accommodate good in the development of a bio-based economic system. The chief subjects for treatment of sustainable palm oil production so far, has focused on the jobs of plague and H2O direction, rain forest loss, biodiversity, dirt birthrate and reproduction and the emanation of nursery gasses. Exploiting the gettable energy that could be obtained from the biomass byproducts has been known and in most instances remains from oil production are used to present the energy necessary to run the works operation. This survey will concentrate at chances to work the bountifully gettable biomass wastes ( fiber, imperativeness bar, thenar foreparts, empty fruit Bunches, shells, etc. ) as renewable resources for fresh merchandises and energy that develop the sustainability of the palm oil production. Approach First the possible usage of palm oil byproducts as a sustainable biomass beginning would be assessed by researching the gross handiness of byproducts, so factors to be considered in finding the possible net biomass handiness. The ensuing stairss will be taken: The entire production of end-products and byproducts will be enumerated by giving a gross biomass production image. Then the bing concrete and jutting utilizations of the byproducts will be made available, in add-on, a belief treatment on the operation rate and efficiency of the usage, possible restraints will be reported to do byproducts available for energy and other usage. A short treatment will be given on the possibility of increasing the sustainability of the palm oil production by optimum byproduct use for energy and other intents Merchandises and byproducts in the palm oil production concatenation Below is the list of merchandises and by merchandises in the palm oil production concatenation at the field and at the factory. Palm meats cake PKC Crude palm oil CPO Kernel oil KO Oil thenar fronds OPF Empty fruit clump EFB Palm oil factory effluent POME Rootss Trucks Fiber Shell Some of these merchandises and by merchandises contains some foods which include N, K, P, Mg, Ca and besides H2O. Form this, it is seen that the sum of biomass is really big both in the field and at the factory. For illustration in Malaysia and Indonesia, which accounts about 50 % and 1/3 of universe thenar oil production severally, figures shows that the sum of biomass at the factory is estimated at 30 to 50 million dozenss and 70 to 80 dozenss at the field. These figures are conservative dry weight estimations. Practical and proposed utilizations of palm oil byproducts Below are the list of practical and some proposed utilizations of palm oil by- merchandise Merchandises composing current/ possible usage Remark OPF Crude fiber, protein Mulch, mush, fiber, provender Distributed over plantation Root Mulch Excessively much available at one time, deracinating disturbs the dirt Short pantss Mulch, fibre board Excessively much available at one time, frequently at distant site of plantation EFB Cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin Mulch, fuel, clump ash, fibre board, mush, paper EFB less good suited as fuel than fiber or shell and does roll up frequently Fiber Lignin Fuel for factory, fibre board Shell Fuel for factory, activated C briquette, atom board Silicate signifiers scale when burned Pome Suspended solids Methane production, fertiliser, provender, soap Methane emanation, river pollution are a job when non managed decently. PKC Oil, petroleum fiber, protein Feed, fertiliser Feed possible non to the full used. From the tabular array above, it shows that at present, most byproducts are used or disposed of within the system for agricultural intent like mulching or fertiliser and for energy production at the factory. Soon merely a part of the entire byproducts are utilised as fuel feedstock in works operations. Particularly, the EFB is barely used and this creates debatable consequence for its disposal since unfastened field/pile combustion is frequently no longer allowed. Effluent from the Palm oil factory is besides hardly used and this creates a job at the oil production Millss. This shows clearly that biomass use is non enhanced and that there is a demand for other utilizations. It is hard to acquire computed informations on the present usage of byproducts and peculiarly on the efficiency of such usage. In the undermentioned paragraphs I would wish discourse the issue of current use rate and efficiency of such utilizations. Use rate: Malaysia has rather a high use for field byproducts ( 80 to 95 % ) as mulch and for shells and fiber as fuel for the Millss ( 90 % ) . For POME and EFB the use rates are much lower ( 35 to 65 % ) ( Gurmit, 1999 ) Apparently the stuff is non easy used for energy production and benefits of returning the stuff to the field as mulch / fertiliser are considered excessively low to countervail the cost. Consequently literature indicates that these merchandises frequently form environmental jobs bring forthing methane and polluting waterways. A big figure of enterprises are afoot to happen ways of extenuating this job. In Yeoh ( 2004 ) it is estimated that in Malaysia methane emanation from unfastened of POME pools sum to 225.000 dozenss ( 1999 ) , which is tantamount to 5,17 million dozenss of CO2, or 3.6 % of the estimated entire emanations in Malaysia. Empty fruit Bunches are less attractive as a boiler fuel and are hence by and large non used for energy. For other states utilization rates should be lower than in Malaysia which has the most advanced thenar oil production system. Efficiency of use: Again, it is difficult to happen quantified informations here. It was discovered that the palm oil industry is one of those uncommon industries where really small effort is made to salvage energy. ( Husain et al, 2003 ) . The energy balance in a typical thenar oil factory is far from premier and there is significant possibility for betterment. Soon most Millss maps on low force per unit area boilers bring forthing steam for operating. In Malaysia, high force per unit area boiler systems are used to bring forth electricity and steam for operation at the factory and supply to the grid. It was predicted that signifier 1999 the annual thenar oil factory remains will ensue to 18 million dozenss of biomass big plenty to bring forthing 3197 GWh and 31.5 million dozenss of POME with a coevals potency of for 1587 GWh. Hashim ( 2005 ) This postulation was low compared to Yeoh ( 2004 ) who predicted that 2250 GWh electricity can be produced from POME through biogas. ( for 1999 informations ) . Based on the figures from Hashim ( 2005 ) the complete electricity bring forthing capacity from factory remains was given as 5000 GWh. Field remains amounted to twice the measure of biomass at factory. This excluded the roots. From the figures given above it shows that in Malaysia, the electricity supply potency is about15000 GWh. Malaysia histories for 50 % of the universe thenar oil production nationally, 30000 GWh of electricity can be produced from Palm oil remains. Menon ( hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ptm.org.my/biogen ) associated the additions from utilizing EFB as mulch in Fieldss ( alimentary value subtraction logistics costs ) and the net income when used for electricity production. It was discovered that the returns for electricity production was 3.5 times higher. Indeed, there are a figure of creativenesss which are present in Malaysia for the production of electricity from the by-product of thenar oil which are delivered to the grid. It must be observed that electricity coevals through combustion green goodss ash which encloses largely P and K and other foods which could still be reused in the plantation. The above illustration was based on electricity production to the grid. But still, several Millss are excessively unaccessible to bring forth electricity to the grid and other by-product mercantile establishments should besides be considered such as wood coal, pyrolysis oil, HTU oil, paper mush, fibre board, etc. In under developed or developing states, Millss will be excessively little to justify investings in the transition system and small informations and factory remains for efficiency and reuse of field could be found. Obviously recycling of POME and EFB is really limited. Discussion and decisions In the Palm Oil value concatenation there is an overall excess of byproducts and the use rate of these byproducts is low, as is particularly the instance for wastewater and empty fruit Bunches. For other mill by- merchandises the efficiency of the application can clearly be increased. For field residues, the chief use now is disposal as mulch and fertilizer. The efficiency and effectivity of this application could non be determined here. Still this will depend on local conditions and it should be possible to give indicants of what recycling or valorisation system will be optimum here. By-products are considered at best as a nuisance which may take to environmental jobs. As the bio based economic system develops and markets for C impersonal merchandises grow those byproducts should be seen as resource. The first effects are going clear with bringing of sustainable thenar oil waste electricity to the grid in Malaysia. The primary benefit of external demand for byproducts is the resolution of jobs refering fouling byproducts and increasing the profitableness of the production by: aˆ? balanced recycling foods and C at the field, aˆ? increasing the efficiency of boiler fuel use at the factory aˆ? supplies of excess energy to local electricity cyberspace fresh economic activity and coevals of local employment by transition of biomass residues in value added merchandises. The increased food recycling will increase dirt birthrate and increase sustainability of palm oil production. Systems that minimise the remotion of foods and C from the system should be preferred. Still non all C and foods have to be re-cycled. What the optimum is between bio mass use and recycling varies harmonizing to dirt and clime. In the instance that external demand for byproducts of palm oil production materialises, larger sums of byproducts will go available. The palm oil industry will hold to weigh the ain demand for fuel and the demand for recycling of foods and dirt C against the cost of fertilizer and the net incomes of biomass transition. It is of import to cognize what are the optimal conditions here in order to plan sustainable systems that besides produce big measures of biomass for energy and merchandises. A really unsmooth conjecture is that 25 to 50 % of the byproducts may be available for energy export ( matching approximately to 30-60 million dozenss dry weight biomass ) . It would be a good development if the byproducts from Palm oil production were considered as a possible resource for CO2 impersonal energy and merchandises alternatively of a waste. A much more elaborate survey into the net mass balance and possible biomass production from the palm oil concatenation and the possibilities of happening added value for these merchandises in a biobased economic system is indispensable for developing economically, socially and environmentally sustainable palm oil systems. The acknowledgment that using byproducts for added value is good to the sustainability of palm oil production is indispensable for attesting the sustainability of the palm oil biomass energy and merchandises. Multi-stakeholder engagement is required for turn toing the sustainability of the nutrient oil supply concatenation. This would besides include foreigner ( non-food ) industries involved in energy and fiber merchandises selling. More information is needed to find how much biomass is needed at the factory for works operations and how efficient this usage is, how much foods can be removed from the system without impacting sustainability ( alimentary and C recycling ) , rating of the competitory potency of supplies to the market of energy, merchandises and C arrested development. More quantified information is needed on states outside Malaysia that have similar thenar oil waste disposal jobs and potencies to use these merchandises as a resource. How to cite The Sustainabile Production Of Palm Oil Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Concentration of HCL affecting surface area to vol ratio free essay sample

The research question that this report is going to discuss is â€Å"What is the relationship between concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and the rate of diffusion? † My hypothesis for this research question is that change in rate of diffusion will be observed when the agar blocks are placed in solutions of different concentrations of HCl. As the concentration of HCl increases, the rate of diffusion will also increase due to the steeper concentration gradient created. To investigate the change in rate of diffusion when different concentrations of HCl are used, I used agar blocks that are stained with universal indicator that would change from green to pink when exposed to HCl. To prepare the agar blocks, I used knife and ruler to acquire 5 agar blocks with equal dimensions of 3. 0cm by 1. 0cm by 0. 5cm. Then I prepared 5 different concentrations of HCl with equal volume of 5cm^3 in test tubes, which were 0. 0M. 0. 2M, 0. 4M, 0. 6M, 0. 8M and finally 1. 0M of HCl. Then, I placed the agar blocks into respective test tubes, measuring the time taken for the agar blocks to turn from green to completely pink. This was repeated 2 more times, having 3 set of readings in total. The results collected showed an increasing trend in the rate of diffusion as the concentration of HCl increased. This clearly supported the hypothesis I derived at. (227 words) ? Content Page Abstract2 Content Page3 Introduction4 Research question:4 Hypothesis:4 Introduction (2)5 Literature Review5 Methodology6 Results8 Results (2)9 Discussion10 Limitations11 Improvements11 Conclusion12 Bibliography13 ? Introduction Research question: How does change in concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) affect the rate of diffusion through the agar blocks which contain starch stained with universal indicator, while keeping surrounding temperature, the surface area to volume ratio of agar blocks used and the volume of solution to which the agar blocks were placed constant? Hypothesis: Change in rate of diffusion will be observed when agar blocks are placed in solutions of different concentrations of HCl. As the concentration of HCl increases, the rate of diffusion will also increase due to the steeper concentration gradient created ? Introduction (2) Literature Review Diffusion is known as the net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration along the concentration gradient. There are few factors that affect the rate of diffusion, the time taken for both regions to have equal amount of particles. One of them is temperature. It is known that temperature has the greatest effect on diffusion rates and is the easiest of the factors to change. Increasing the temperature increases the diffusion rate by adding energy to each particle. This is because particles with more energy can move to the region of lower concentration with more speed and more easily. Similarly, lowering the temperature will lower the diffusion rate by lowering the energy of each particle. Another important factor that changes the rate of diffusion is the concentration gradient, which we will be exploring in this experiment. The rate of diffusion depends on the difference between concentrations across the region of lower concentration and higher concentration, with steeper concentration differences resulting in higher diffusion rates (Simon 2013). This can be explained by Fick’s Law, which can be summarised by this equation: Rate of diffusion is proportional to(surface area x difference in concentration )/(Length of diffusion path). From the equation derived from Fick’s Law, it is clearly seen that the difference in concentration (concentration gradient) will increase the rate of diffusion (Michael Kent 2000). This theory can be used to explain real life situations, like how human lungs take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide in a split second. It is due to the great difference in concentrations of both gases (very steep concentration gradient) that allows relatively fast rate of diffusion. For instance, when breathing in, the concentration of oxygen in alveoli is very high compared to that in the blood vessels surrounding the alveoli. Thus, rate of diffusion is great, allowing oxygen to diffuse as fast as possible. (BBC 2013) Methodology Table 1.1-Table of variables and how it is controlled VariablesDetails of variablesHow it is controlled Independent VariableConcentration of HClConcentration of HCl is controlled by the amount of distilled water added to HCl. For example, in order to achieve a concentration of 0. 2 moldm^(-3), 1. 0 cm^3 of 1 mol of HCl is added, with 4 cm^3 of distilled water added. Dependent VariableRate of Diffusion The time is taken by a stopwatch until the agar blo ck turns pink in colour completely. Controlled VariableTemperature of the surrounding Surface area to volume ratio of the agar blocks Volume of solution to place the agar blocks into. Temperature is set at an air-conditioned room in a Biology lab The agar blocks are cut into same length, same breadth and same height (3. 0 cm by 1. 0 cm by 0. 5cm), thus having the same volume and surface area. This ensures the ratio is the same. The volume of solutions used is kept the same at 5. 0cm^3. Table 1. 2-Apparatus used in the experiment Apparatus QuantityUncertainty 2% Starch Agar (Universal Indicator stained) 1. 0 M Hydrochloric Acid (aq) Deionized Water Stop Watch2 ±0. 01s This might be due to the inaccurate cutting of the dimension of the agar blocks. It could also be due to our inability to decide whether the agar blocks have turned completely green to pink in colour. Thus, the calculated rate of diffusion could have changed. Limitations Some of the results were not as accurate as it was difficult to see whether the agar blocks have turned entirely pink in colour. Some of the agar blocks still had strips of green in them when we removed it from the solution and cut it. This could have affected the time taken for the agar blocks to turn entirely pink and thus, affecting the rate of diffusion. The temperature of the solutions containing the agar blocks might not be constant throughout the whole experiment. This can be due to holding of test tubes with our hands and also putting it down again several times. The heat from the hand might get transferred and the temperature might be altered. This can affect the time taken for the agar blocks to turn completely pink, as higher temperature induce faster rate of diffusion. Some of the results are not very accurate as the surface area to volume ratio was not constant for all the agar blocks tested. One of the reasons is due to the limited amount of agar blocks that were allocated for each bench. Another reason is that it was difficult to use the knife provided to cut the agar blocks in a straight manner and as accurately. This limitation can affect the time taken for agar blocks to turn pink, followed by the rate of diffusion, as some blocks are bigger while some are smaller than the others. Improvements In order to make sure that the agar blocks have turned entirely pink, use a light and put it in a white background where the colour changed is more visible. Then, the calculated rate of diffusion will not be affected. Place the test tubes in a water bath where the temperature can be kept constant at the temperature of tap water. This way, the calculated rate of diffusion will not be affected. Lastly, use a stamp with all the desirable dimension of the agar blocks measured. This way, not only is it convenient, it also helps us acquire the accurate dimensions of the agar blocks, having the same surface area to volume ratio for all the agar blocks. Then, the calculated rate of diffusion will not be affected. Conclusion In conclusion, the readings and the derived results in the form of tables, and line graph support my hypothesis, which is: Change in rate of diffusion will be observed when agar blocks are placed in solutions of different concentrations of HCl. As the concentration of HCl increases, the rate of diffusion will also increase due to the steeper concentration gradient created. With the derived conclusion, it shows that in order for rate of diffusion to be greater, higher concentration of the solution must be used, so that the concentration gradient is steeper.

Bio science essays

Bio science essays The body is constituted of different types of cells which unite together to form contrary tissues. Tissues are a group of similar cells and their intercellular substance specialized to perform a specific function; primary tissue types of the body are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue. Epithelial is pertaining to a primary tissue that covers the body surface, lines its internal cavities, and forms glands. The connective tissue is also a primary tissue; form and function vary extensively. Functions include support, storage and protection(Marieb, E. N., 1998, P.109) Epithelium occurs in the body as (1) covering and lining epithelium and (2) glandular epithelium. Covering and lining epithelium forms the outer layer of the skin, dips into and lines the open cavities of the cardiovascular, digestive, and respiratory systems, and shelters the walls and organs of the closed ventral body cavity. Glandular epithelium customs the glands of the body. Epithelium is broadly disseminated throughout the body; its functions are many and varied to perform specific roles. Its functions include protection, absorption, secretion, filtration, excretion and sensory reception. Protection is covering or lining the body surface both internal and external. Absorption is the process by which products of digestion pass through the alimentary tube mucosa into the blood or lymph (protein-containing fluid transported by lymphatic vessels). Secretion is 1. The passage of material formed by a cell to its exterior; 2. Cell product that is transported to the exterior of a cell. Filtration is the passage of a solvent and dissolved substances through a membrane or filter. Excretion involves elimination of waste products from the body. Sensory reception which is dendritic end organs, or parts of other cell types, specialized to respond to a stimulus(Marieb, E.N.1998, p111-116). The classification of epit...

should college athletes get paid Essays

should college athletes get paid Essays should college athletes get paid Essay should college athletes get paid Essay Essay Topic: Notre Dame Show me the money! The NCAA began with very honest intentions and many people believe. According to the NCAA official webpage, its core purpose is To govern competition in a fair, safe, equitable, and sportsmanlike manner, and to integrate intercollegiate athletics into higher education so that the educational experience of the student athlete is paramount. Many have questioned whether it is wise to compensate collegiate athletes with scholarships, due to questions about the validity of their awards and speculation over athletes receiving improper benefits. The argument against paying players is that they receive scholarships, often valued at tens of thousands of dollars, plus stipends, which are more than their free market value is worth. Or that paying certain players would take away most schools abilities to compete with universities that may have greater funds to propel their programs into elite programs. When the truth of the matter is actually the opposite, the majority of colligate athletes are not on full rides nor or are they even close to a full ride. Contrary to the stereotypes of laying college football, interviews on media days this year, paint a much bleaker picture in the life as a player when you dont accept illicit benefits or have a family that can send extra money when the stipend runs out. According to the NCAA, there are over half a million-student athletes in the NCAA with the average scholarship being around 11,000 dollars. If schools were to stop providing athletic scholarships, not only would schools across the country lose millions in revenue and the base for professional sports would completely lost, leaving the thousands of athletes relying n said scholarships would be left with nothing but a bill. The work that goes behind attaining an athletic scholarship cannot be measured in dollars. Many of these athletes work throughout their entire youth in hopes of one day competing at the next level. This is labor that goes unnoticed to typically everyone but the athlete. When athletes finally reach the collegiate level, some will be rewarded with a scholarship that is exactly what they hoped for, but the majority will see only but a portion of what they had hoped. During the day, these guys have to go to class, go to practice, do hours of homework, and attempt to get a proper amount of rest so they can get up and do it all over again the next day. The need for these scholarships cannot be stressed enough. Many are looking for a way out while the rest are trying to make something of themselves. Scholarships are rare to come by as it is, according to the NCAA, most coaches divide scholarship money up amongst several players. The only guaranteed full scholarships are for Dl basketball and Dl football. Each rogram is fully funded and offers the maximum amount of scholarships allowed by the NCAA, 13 percent for mens hoops, 85 percent for football, and 15 percent for womens hoops. Every other sport and team divides money up to many players and no other team or program is guaranteed to be fully funded. For athletes, sports is a second Job on top of the already difficult Job of academics and this is only possible tnrougn tnelr scnolarsnlps. I ne removal 0T tnese would result In tne struggllng student athletes collapse, as well as financial burdens all around. A point that many do not seem to realize is that collegiate sports is a business that is tailored to run at maximum efficiency with the minimal pay. Schools do pay a small price bringing in the athletes to their campus, but the benefit is well worth it. Hundreds of millions of dollars in revenue are created each year thanks to college sports, whether it be through broadcasting deals, ticket sales, and appeal. According to Forbes, the top 20 football programs in the nation last year all profited at least 24 million dollars. Texas, Notre Dame, Michigan, LSU s football programs are worth over 100 million dollars each according to Forbes, value that is built with the blood sweat and tears of students athletes. According to the NCAA its revenue in 2012 was 871 million dollars, that is an incredible amount for a collegiate association. This money is distributed into a number of different ventures, which include their academic enrichment fund, conference grants, grants in aid, a student assistance fund, and lets not forget their administrative staff salaries. Just for thought, college coaches are ot exactly struggling to make ends meet. Six years ago, 42 major college football coaches made at least $1 million. Today, 42 make at least $2 million. The average annual salary for head coaches at major colleges is $1. 64 million, up nearly 12% over last season † and more than 70% since 2006, according to USA Today. These mounts of money are amounts that the athletes do not see because they are already being compensated through their scholarships, a scholarship which can be revoked at any minute of their career. The paying of college athletes is frowned upon because many eel a free education should be enough when most of the players receive only a fraction of their tuition by scholarship. Schools need to keep all scholarships intact in order to preserve the integrity of college sports and to differentiate themselves from the pros. You get what you give and in this case, athletic scholarships are worth the investment that schools put into them. As time passes, the athleticism of student athletes everywhere only seem to reach levels that have never before been seen. With this comes not only a higher interest in collegiate sports but higher need for cholarships. As the profitability of NCAA increases, schools everywhere will look to attract the best athletes they can to their programs and the only way to accomplish this is through incentive. Sufficient scholarships are required for students to attract students to school, but the scholarships themselves need to be of required amounts, meaning a school needs sufficient amounts of a variety of scholarships in order to sustain their programs. A full athletic scholarship covers the following costs of college: tuition, certain course-related fees, room and board, and the value or rovision of books. An athletic scholarship may not cover all student fees, and also may not cover things like parking fines, a single room in the dorm, library fines or late fees. A scholarship is more than simply a form of payment. It is more than a debt to the institution. Its whats keeping athletes in school, it whats preserving hope for the high school student with dreams of making it, scholarships are keeping collegiate sports not only alive but they are providing anybody associated with them a chance to thrive.

World history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

World history - Essay Example Safavid Empire (1502-1736), on the other hand, was a key ruling dynasty of Persia –the modern Iraq. The dynasty marked the beginning of the history of modern Persia (Strayer, 15). The Twelver school of Shi’a Islam was the empire’s official religion. Safavid succumbed to hasty collapse in 1722. The dynasty experienced a short restoration between 1729 and 1736 after ruling successfully between 1501 and 1722. The Empire controlled nearly all parts of modern Iraq, Armenia, Bahrain, Iraq, Azerbaijan, Afghanistan, and Kuwait. Songhai Empire dominated mainly the western Sahel between 15th and 16th century. The empire was among the largest in both African and Islamic history (Strayer, 21). The ruling ethnic group was entirely the Songhai people. Apart from Gao (the capital), other key cities under the empire include Djenne and Timbuktu. In summary, Songhai rulers took advantage of the weakening Mali Empire to reassert control of Gao and further expand Songhai rule. Askia’s successors plotted a series of coups that led to instability and a period of decline. The dawn of modern world history and the Colombian exchange involved the discovery of the Americas in the Western world. The Colombian Exchange was among the most critical and establishing events of the modern world. The dawn of modern world history and the Colombian exchange was also the beginning of the era of global trade. In particular, the exchange focuses on the history of the Americas in the pre-Colombian era. Apparently, the animal, bacterial, and plant life of the Americas and Afro-Eurasia began to mix after Christopher Columbus arrived in the Americas (Strayer, 27). The Colombian Exchange had dramatic effects on the world. For instance, it led to the introduction of new diseases to American populations. The American population did not have prior experience of these diseases. The outcomes were overwhelming and

EasyJet Airlines Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

EasyJet Airlines - Case Study Example ii. Short haul and direct trips: This feature would attract customer's attention since most of the passengers would be keen on reducing their travel time. iii. Using smaller airport as base airport: In comparison to the bigger airports, the road traffic moving towards smaller airports is less congested. This would make customer's journey to the airport shorter. (4) (a) Distinctive Competence: i. Ability to provide low cost services to its customers ii. Ability to increase number of customers by making extra rotations and effective online system. iii. Ability to manage its employees well by maintaining an informal company culture, a flat management structure and providing them effective training. (b) Operations Mission: The central mission of entire operations of Easyjet is to provide low cost air services to its customers and maintain its standards in order to win maximum possible number of customers. (5) Operational Objectives: (a) The operational objectives of Easyjet can be ranked as follows: 1. Cost 2. Delivery 3. Quality 4. Flexibility (b) Easyjet manages to achieve these objectives in the following ways: i. Cost - Easyjet has been successful in providing low cost services by taking the following steps: (a) Using smaller airports as base airport works out cheaper. (b) As the number of customers increased, Easyjet decided on using Airbus A319. This resulted in savings due to its extra seats and better fuel consumption. (c) By the year 2000 Easyjet decided to perform on its own the jobs that were outsourced until then. This too would have resulted in savings. (d) Through ticketless travelling, Easyjet has been able to reduce it's distribution costs. (e) By charging the customers separately for the food and drinks... ii. Online Discount: The online discount given in March 2000 was higher than that given by Easyjet's competitors. Though it was for just a single trip, it still would have made the impact intended. It resulted in an increase in the number of customers booking tickets online. This in a way acts as an aid for sales promotion. i. Punctuality: Easyjet gives high priority to punctuality and since it has succeeded in maintaining it at industry standards, it would induce the customers to consider Easyjet as one of the options for air services. iii. Using smaller airport as base airport: In comparison to the bigger airports, the road traffic moving towards smaller airports is less congested. This would make customer's journey to the airport shorter. (b) Operations Mission: The central mission of entire operations of Easyjet is to provide low cost air services to its customers and maintain its standards in order to win maximum possible number of customers. (e) By charging the customers separately for the food and drinks served on board, Easyjet is able to exclude the cost of food and drinks from the air fare

Week 2 application 6330 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Week 2 application 6330 - Assignment Example A Family nurse practitioner pays special care towards family dynamic and generally assesses how illness affects families (University of Cincinnati, 2013). As Nurse practitioners FNP, nurses dedicate a great amount of time in providing medical services to the community. It is their duty to get directly involved in carrying out treatment and diagnosis procedures making them a fundamental part of care and recovery. Their direct linkage to patients by diagnosing, treating, and prescribing drugs is what makes it very important for them to be proficient in pharmacology. I studied the efficiency of the FNP curriculum by using the table 13.1 provided by Keating (2011) as the baseline and the analysis was as below. The nursing college at University of Cincinnati offers post graduate programs such as the FNP at the campus and online. One can choose to either enroll to the online classes or can visit the institution and carryout a face-to-face registration with the admissions team. In this report, I am mainly going to focus on the online FNP program, which has six semesters done in autumn, summer, and spring for two years. The seventeen courses included in the curriculum include courses such as Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology, pharmacology for advanced nursing practice, and theoretical basis for clinical reasoning. There are also three seminars and three practicum courses, which are taken within the final two years of pursuing the program. The curriculum itself has The curriculum offered by University of Cincinnati (UC) nursing college recognizes that as a nurse earning an MSN is supposed to be an enhancing process rather than a rebuilding process. The curriculum at UC nursing college is designed to enhance nurses’ skills and prepare them for greater roles in their medical field. The Institution understands that the preparation is key towards a successful and intuitive curriculum. This

Sickle Cell Anaemia: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments

Sickle Cell Anaemia: Causes, Symptoms and Treatments Blood disease is a disorder or disease which will affect one or more parts of the blood, preventing our blood from performing its job in an effective rate. Sometimes, it is also known as blood disorder (Martin, E.A., ed., 2010). Nowadays, there are many types of blood diseases and they are growing public health problems affecting many countries, races and also ethnic groups. They can be classified into acute or chronic. Some of the them are inherited and can cause death. Sickle cell anemia (SCD) is a serious inherited genetic condition which affects the haemoglobin molecule within the red blood cells. It is a condition in which there are lack of healthy and normal red blood cells to carry sufficient oxygen throughout our bodies. The people with sickle cell anemia normally have deformed red blood cells which look like sickles or crescent moons (Mayo Clinic, 2011). This is because the sickle cells contain haemoglobin S or sickle haemoglobin which is an abnormal haemoglobin (MedlinePlus, 2010). The unusual C shaped cells which look like a farm tool called sickle give the disease its name (CDC, 2011). The alternative names for sickle cell anemia are sickle cell disease or sickle cell disorder, haemoglobin SS disease and HbS disease (NHLBI.NIH, 2011) . Today, millions of people have been diagnosed with sickle cell disease. This type of blood disease is much more common in Africa and Mediterranean (PubMed Health, 2012). About one of every 12 African Americans will carry the sickle cell trait in a persons genes (MedlinePlus, 2012). Apart from that, it is estimated that 90 000 to 100 000 people in the United States mainly Blacks or African Americans are affected by sickle cell anemia. About one of every 500 Black newborns and one out of every 36 000 Hispanic-American newborns will have this blood disease (CDC, 2011). There are two risk factors that can increase the chances of getting sickle cell anemia which are inheritance and mutation. First of all, sickle cell anemia is an autosomal recessive genetic blood disease which the sickle cell gene will pass from generation to generation. To have this disease, the defective form of the gene must be inherited to a child from both of the parent. A child will have sickle cell trait if the sickle cell gene is passed from only one parent. A person is known as the carrier of sickle cell anemia if he or she has one normal haemoglobin gene and one defective form of the gene. In addition to, the defective gene can be passed to next generation and affect them. While, if both of the parent are carrier, a 50% chance of getting a child who is carrier, 25% chance of having a child who is normal and another 25% chance of having a child with sickle cell anemia (FamilyDoctor.org, 2006). Besides, substitution is a kind of gene mutation which cause this blood disease to occur. The gene mutation is caused by the mutagens which are physical or chemical substances that can affects the genetic material of an organism. Hence, the person who always stays in environment with a lot of radiation or mutagen, he or she has higher risk of getting this disease (Gan Wan Yeat, 2010). This type of blood disease can be prevented if the married couples who both carry the sickle cell trait gene do not have any children. By doing this, the recessive gene will not passed from a generation to another generation . A normal person has haemoglobin A genes which are HbA. If the person who suffers from sickle cell disease, he or she has two haemoglobin S genes (HbS) which are inherited from both parent. These HbS genes are caused by the gene mutation. The base sequence in the DNA for the synthesis of haemoglobin is changed by a single substitution. Hence, the glutamic acid codon is now instead of valine codon (BBC, 2010). When the oxygen content of an affected persons blood is low, the sickle cell hameoglobin will aggregate into long rods that deform red cells into a sickle or crescent shape which are abnormal haemoglobin (Reece, J.B., et. al., 2011). Besides, these sickle red blood cells are rigid and sticky. This results in less oxygen is delivered to the bodys tissues (MedlinePlus, 2012). The symptoms and signs of sickle cell anemia usually become more obvious after an infant is 4 months old and they are varying. The most common symptom of this disease is painful events. They are sudden pain that happens in different parts of the body. This pain is also known as sickle cell crisis. Usually, the sickle cell crises can cause pain in the hands, bones, legs, abdomen and so on. This is because the sickle cell get stuck in the small blood vessel as they travel, interrupting the healthy blood flow (National Marrow Donor Program, 2007). People who suffer from sickle cell anemia normally have anemia which will make them feel tired and weak. This is caused by the shortage of red blood cells. Furthermore, they will look pale (WebMD, 2010). Apart from that, the other symptoms of sickle cell anemia may include shortness of breath, blindness, delayed growth, hand-foot syndrome and so on. If it is not treated, stroke, infections, acute chest syndrome and organ damage are the effects of sickle cell anemia (genomics.energy.gov, 2005). Bone marrow transplant is the only cure for sickle cell anemia. However, it is difficult to find a donor who is matched with the recipient and the procedure has serious risks and can even cause death. There are many types of treatments for this blood disease including medication. Children with sickle cell anemia can be treated by using antibiotic penicillin in order to help prevent infections. While pain relieving medications are responsible in relieving pain during sickle cell crisis. The frequency of painful crisis also can be reduced using hydroxyuera. Moreover, blood transfusions are another type of treatments for sickle cell anemia. The blood transfusion can help to relieve anemia by increasing the number of normal blood cells in circulation (Mayo Clinic, 2011). This is because the sickle shaped cells live only 10 to 20 days which is much shorter than the normal red blood cells. Furthermore, a balanced diet is needed. The supplements of folic acid, vitamin D and zinc should be taken in order to help make new red blood cells. Alcohols and cigarette smokes should be avoided (FamilyDoctor.org, 2006). As a conclusion, sickle cell anemia is a chronic blood disease that cannot be underestimated. This is because there is no cure for the people with this blood disease. Nevertheless, there are many types of treatments and prognosis can help to prevent further problems which are associated with this blood disease. Prevention is better than cure. Hence, people from all walk of life should working out preventive action to avoid them from getting this severe and rare disease.

Antlantic city :: essays research papers

Atlantic City   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Great Transformation From A Casino City To a Resort Destination Atlantic City is the place to gamble on the East Coast. Although this may initially seem to be a positive characteristic, it is evident that this destination has the capability to be so much more than it already is. This point of interest has the world’s first boardwalk, which opened in 1881, has 4 miles of hotels, amusements, and casinos. Atlantic City was originally a resort town, until 1978, when it changed into a gaming city. This popular day-trip destination had over 34 million visitors in 1998 alone. Despite this amazing statistic, along with the revenue that gambling brings in, many steps are being taken in order to further promote the expansion of this great city. The renovations and improvements being made to the Atlantic City Convention Center are already increasing the amount of money coming in. There is a great deal of other things to focus on in the Atlantic City region. In end orsing local attractions in this scenic area, and in shifting the target market of this spot, this city would change back into a resort destination. When most people think of Atlantic City, the first thing that comes to mind is the casino attractions that are available. With the city’s constant shuffle and excitement, gamblers from all over go there dreaming of a big win. Many people consider Atlantic City to be the â€Å"Las Vegas of the East Coast†. There are over 12 casinos, with one building as magnificent as the next. At any given second of the day, these hopefuls may have their lives changed in an instant with just one win. These casino hotels gain most of their income from gamblers. Casinos employ almost 49,000 people every year. This number should actually jump when the Marina District opens. Although Atlantic City prospers as a gambler’s paradise, many would love to show others just how much more Atlantic City really has to offer its tourists. The Atlan tic City Convention Center, built in 1929, was renovated with $72 million in 1997. With the world’s largest pipe organ, everyone from the Beatles to Pavarotti has played there. It was designated a historic landmark in 1987. Conventions, trade shows, meetings, and public events of the greater Atlantic City area all take place here. When the renovation is finally completed, it will seat up to 12,000 people for special events.

Senior Citizens

Over the past few years, with the help of modern technology, people have obtained access to virtually anything they desire at the simple click of a mouse button. Now, information can be accessed through various websites without having to visit a library, go to a store, a friend’s or relative’s home, or even travel agencies. The Internet is for all people- regardless of age, race, ethnic background, class, or religion. When it comes to marketers and which strategies will be most effective and efficient to become a successful website, every product in the market is geared towards a specific target group, regularly based on demographics. Whether it is where a person lives, their marital status, age, or occupation, marketers try to target one particular area where they feel that their product will be benefited the most and where profits will be most generated for the business. One particular area that has been expanding not only in website visitations but also in new website formations is the senior citizen age group. Now, seniors are the fastest growing audience on the Internet. What is more interesting is the fact that they put their money where their â€Å"mouse† is. This age group’s frequent use of the Internet is absolutely amazing and unbelievable. There are hundreds and hundreds of websites designed to be most suitable or more geared for this target group. The websites are specifically designed to meet the needs of older adults about the ages of 60 and above, and grandparents. It does not steer towards a certain economic or religious class. The majority of these websites provide much information on healthcare, health issues that affect them, relationships, money, news, entertainment, and childcare. Part1B- Competitive Analysis Under the top 10 most popular sites for â€Å"www.seniorcitizens.com†, I chose the top four websites to analyze the areas in order to compare and contrast where www.seniorgold.com is strong and where it needs some work. The first site is called www.senior.com. Like any website, it will have many strengths and weaknesses. Allow me to discuss this website’s strengths first. The page was downloaded quite easily, with no error messages to refresh the page. Overall, the designs of the pages are colorful and have very clear graphics. The text is very clear without being too wordy and misleading. The home page also has a search engine that allows the user to quickly find what he/she is looking for. In addition, it has a large variety of topics to choose from with easily accessible features. This website does contain a vertical and horizontal scroll bar on its homepage which makes the first impression for users a tedious one. It becomes very frustrating when someone has to keep scrolling up and down to search any information. The contents on the homepage of a website should be clear, brief, and concise allowing you to link to it if more information is what is desired of the user. Another weakness would include the arrangement of topics on the homepage. They begin with serious news that then descends down to tacky, irrelevant links. Although the content of the text itself is clear, it looks all jumbled up, busy, and confusing. In order to be simple, and to the point, the topics should become more condensed, including the amount of links it has. Compared to www.seniorgold.com, this website is more visually appealing to the eye. It appears to be more youthful through the use of cartoon characters and bold color schemes. The second website, www.elderweb.com, has tab links at the top of the homepage which allows the user to click on the tab which is relevant without having to search endless rows of subcategories to see which one applies to their information search. There are no distracting side links that allows the user to choose to read the information or simply click on where they wish to go on the site. Unlike www.senior.com, the page is very consecutive with the stories and features. The current headlines are brief and to the point. And, each headline gives the user a good sense of what each story is about without getting too wordy or redundant. There aren’t any banner ads that enable the user to concentrate more on his/her search without being distracted. One feature that I felt was quite important (especially since it is geared toward an older age group) was a button right on the home page that says, â€Å"Increase Text Size†. This is one feature that I had never seen on any of the other websites for senior citizens. This is an important feature because, unfortunately, there are many senior citizens that do have visual impairments, and by using this feature, it facilitates their use of the website. A weakness that this website had was that it contained the same dull format and style throughout the whole website. The uninteresting graphics were all the same no matter which link you clicked on to view. The use of mute colors did not make this website very visually stimulating or appealing. This site also had a scroll bar, which, again, made the layout of the page seem very busy and unorganized. This was the first senior website that did not have a search engine located anywhere. So, if you wanted some information, regardless of how consecutive or concise the text and layout may appear, you would not be able to simply type in what you were looking for to search. Compared to www.seniorgold.com, Elderweb has a very dull appearance. It looks very plain and old fashioned. It seems as though this site is geared more towards seniors that have a more traditional or conservative way of thinking. They prefer simplicity (i.e. light, dull colors, same graphics, etc) over complexity (i.e. bold/bright colors, cartoons, modern graphics, etc). The third website, www.thirdage.com, I would have to say is the best website for senior citizens-conservative and avant-garde. It contains a great color scheme of white and a soft green with no overwhelming or any dull graphic design. It does not have too many divertive banner ads. The search engine appears on every screen for easy access. It has a modern, strong homepage that is visually appealing with more interesting topics and subcategories geared more towards advice and different lifestyle levels. This page does have a scroll down bar which could have been easily prevented by filling in the right side with that information. The whole right side is completely blank. This should have been used to condense the homepage without having to scroll down. Editorially, this page is not set up well. It has many scattered features, which makes everything look disjointed. The pictures all depict a youthful, healthy person. Obviously, the illustrations, which seem unrealistic, are not very reflective of their target audience. Measured up to www.seniorgold.com, this website is more appealing visually. The topics are not as condensed or as easily accessible as that of the one referenced above. And lastly, www.1travel.com, is the website which I felt was least relevant to senior citizens. It may have special discounts for them, however, on the homepage, it is not mentioned at all that any senior citizen discounts exist. This means that if there are any discounts, the user has to go searching for it. It is not easily accessible from it’s main page. It does not indicate at all that this site is geared toward senior citizens. It is another website to make travel/car/hotel reservations. Why not visit any other travel websites that could probably give better bargains? A good feature on this website includes easy search methods (several search engines for each category). Also, the layout is immediate, it is in your face and very easy to gain access to. It contains excellent searching options and subcategories along with any questions with regard to the user’s travel needs. The layout of it has very basic colors- not too bold, yet not too boring either and there aren’t many banner ads in this page. This website does contain vertical and horizontal scroll bars. The graphical layout overwhelms the text. The site seems to appear very busy, too wordy, or too much text perhaps. The text is also not very concise it seems scattered everywhere and is extremely redundant with several topics (ie FAQ’s, etc). Part1C-Site Analysis Seniorgold.com makes information searching very obtainable through the use of its shortcuts, word searches and options located on the left of the homepage layout. The layout is very colorful. The drop down menus are very resourceful in enabling the user to find what he/she is looking for without having to search the whole website to find it. However, this site has a few weaknesses as well. One includes the busy-looking and visually unclear graphics. The site looks too full of activity with banner ads whose color schemes clash with the site’s design. Another important thing to note about this site is that it is outdated! I couldn’t help but notice that on the home page of this site it still had the link to: â€Å"Thanksgiving Preparation†. We’re in December!!! Websites that are not updated lose the interest and use of their web visitors. It is crucial for web page designers to keep their websites up-to-date with any new events. Users may see this and see it a site deficiency. Part2A-Drive More Traffic To This Site I would recommend that the website changed its design layout. It should have a color scheme that compliments the text. The use of the drop down menus is very clear and concise. However it should concentrate on condensing the home page (it’s three pages long!). One way of driving traffic to the site is to create banner ads for other senior citizen sites, as well as for nursing home sites, parenting sites, travel sites, and recreational activity sites. What could also be done is to pay major Internet servers such as America Online, Yahoo, MSN, etc. for keyword bidding, Part 2B-Create A Stronger Community Among WWW.Seniorgold.Com Site Members I believe that this web site has a strong community as long as the above changes are made. This website does provide recreational activities such as casino resort trips and other activities that they could consider joining. Another addition may include the access to play games. For example, Bingo is a recreational game that senior citizens are notorious for. Another feature that I believe is important in creating a strong community is the chat rooms. Senior citizens, since retirement or death of a loved one, feel a little lonely at times. I feel this is a great opportunity for them to communicate with other people without spending money. This website does have chat rooms. My experience of trying to enter a chat room, became well, quite discouraging. Under â€Å"Directory Word Search† I typed in â€Å"chat†. Once I got to the next page, it did not take me to any chat rooms or choice from various ones. Instead, it took me to a page where I could find out where my roots come from!!! After scrolling down almost to the bottom of the page, I found a link to chat and clicked on it. I never reached a chat room. The website needs to create word searches that facilitate the search, not make it more difficult. In addition to chat rooms, I think it should develop a variety of rooms where people can interconnect discussing similar hobbies such as golf, or crocheting, etc. Senior citizens need a sense of community and what best way to do it than by helping them find other people who feel the same!

Multiple Sclerosis Essays - Multiple Sclerosis, Autoimmune Diseases

Multiple Sclerosis Essays - Multiple Sclerosis, Autoimmune Diseases Multiple Sclerosis Multiple Sclerosis is a disease that bewilders us all.. There is no known cause. We do know that MS (multiple sclerosis) is a disease where the myelin breaks down and is replaced by scar tissue. The demyelination can slow down or block the flow of signals to and from the central nervous system to the rest of the body, impairing such functions as vision, strength, and coordination.1 While we do know what MS is we still don't know why, where and when people contract the disease. It has been proven that MS generally appears between the ages of twenty to forty and it strikes women at more than twice the ratio it strikes men. Statistics have also shown that the disease strikes the middle and upper class more than the lower class and poor. Worldwide research shows that MS has a broad geographical distribution. It has long established that MS is more prominent in colder regions and rare in tropical areas. Maine being a colder climate has shown some of the highest rates of MS.2 There is evidence of a slight increase in MS among first degree relativesparents, siblings, and children. It is also suspected that the same family members may inherent a genetic susceptibility to MS. While it is possible to inherit a genetic susceptibility to MS, it is not possible to inherit the disease. And even people who have all the necessary genes don't necessarily get MS. The disease, experts believe, must be triggered by environmental factors. So MS is not considered a hereditary disease.3 Until the definite cause of Ms is proved the treatment cannot be truly scientific. But there are treatments that are effective in dealing with symptoms. For instance, there are the common sense treatments that everyone, with or without an illness, should treat themselves with, which are: A healthy diet, exercise, sufficient amount of rest and to live your life as you would normally. There are also lots of drugs that treat many of the different symptoms. Since there are so many symptoms page 2 and treatments, I will only list a few: Treatments that increase the blood flow, that decrease blood clotting, treatments for chemical eccess or deficiency, treatments to prevent infection and treatments for the immune system. Treatment and rehabilitation have also been joined together. Weakness is one of the major symptoms of Ms and can be treated with physical therapy and strengthening exercises. One of the best exercises for reducing weakness in the limbs is hydrotherapy. Hydrotherapy is done in the water. Hydrotherapy exercises use the benefits of buoyancy. Another way to eliminate weakness is to stay off a weak limb. Overall, by recognizing limits and using common sense, weakness can be greatly diminished.4 Spasticity, another MS symptom, is most effectively treated with physical therapy. Cold is an excellent temporary measure for relaxing the spastic limb. Hydrotherapy is, again, the most effective exercise for relief, combining stretching and cool temperatures. There are also many medications for spasticity, such as Baclofen, Dantrollene, and Diazepam. Relaxation techniques such as yoga, transcendental meditation, biofeedback, have been successful with spasticity as well. 5 Some MS patients might have mild to sever balance trouble. In mild cases, the person can learn how to compensate easily by standing and walking with a little wider base and taking short steps rather than long strides. When balance trouble is a little more severe, a four-pronged cane, crutches or a walker may be necessary.6 Someone with MS could have visual problems. The problem varies from decreased acuity, blurred or cloudy vision, and double vision. The treatment depends on the stage of the problem. If it is a new part of an attack, visual loss responds to steroids. If it is a persistent problem, glasses or special lenses might be the best treatment.7 page 3 Bladder problems are unfortunately not uncommon with MS. The most common are frequency and urgency. There are three good medications that relieve symptoms when they are present for more than a week or two: Pro-Banthine, Ditropan and Tofranil. Iif bladder problems do not respond to medication, a complete bladder training problem may be prescribed.7 The treatments and medications used ten years ago are still effective and still being used but there are medical breakthroughs

Great Study Tips for the GRE Vocabulary Section

Great Study Tips for the GRE Vocabulary Section If youre planning to apply to graduate school, youll need to pass the GRE General Test, which includes an extensive vocabulary section. Not only do you need to master the reading comprehension questions, you need to knock the sentence equivalence questions and text completions out of the ballpark. Its challenging, but with adequate preparation, you can pass. Getting Ready for the GRE The key to success is to allow yourself plenty of time to study for the GRE. This isnt something you can cram for a few days out. Experts say you should begin studying 60 to 90 days before the exam is scheduled. Start by taking a diagnostic test. These exams, which are very similar to the actual GRE, will allow you to measure your verbal and quantitative skills and give you a good idea of what your strengths and weaknesses are. ETS, the company that created the GRE, offers ​free review tests on its website.   Create a Study Plan Use your diagnostic test results to craft a study plan that focuses on the areas where you need the most improvement. Create a weekly schedule for review. A good baseline is to study four days a week, 90 minutes a day. Divide your study time into three 30-minute chunks, each that addresses a different topic, and be sure to take breaks in between each session. Kaplan, a company dedicated to helping students review for tests like the GRE, offers detailed sample study schedules on its website. Retake the diagnostic test after four, six, and eight weeks of review to measure your progress. Hit the Books and Tap the Apps There is no shortage of reference books available to help you study for the GRE vocabulary test. Kaplans GRE Prep Plus and GRE Prep by Magoosh are two highly rated prep books available. Youll find sample tests, practice questions and answers, and extensive vocabulary lists. There are also a number of GRE study apps available, too. Some of the best include GRE from Arcadia and Magoosh GRE Prep. Use Vocabulary Flashcards Another reason why you want to begin studying 60 to 90 days before taking the GRE is that theres a lot of information youll need to memorize. A good place to begin is with a list of the top GRE vocabulary words that appear most often on the test. Both Grockit and Kaplanoffer free vocabulary lists. Flashcards can be another useful tool. If you find yourself struggling to memorize a long list of words,  try memorizing word groups, a small list of words (10 or so) arranged by theme into subcategories. Instead of memorizing words like  acclaim, accolade  and  venerate  in isolation, youd remember that they all fall under the theme of praise, and suddenly, theyre easier to remember.   Some people find it useful to organize vocabulary words according to their Greek or Latin roots.  Learning one root means learning 5-10 words or more in one shot. For example, if you can remember that the root ambul means to go, then you also know that words like amble, ambulatory, perambulator, and somnambulist have something to do with going somewhere. Other Study Tips Studying for the GRE vocabulary test is hard enough by yourself. Reach out to friends who are taking the GRE or have taken it in the past and ask them if theyll spend time helping you review. Start by having them give you vocabulary words to define, then change it up by having them give you definitions and responding with the correct word. Vocabulary games can also be a novel way to review. Most GRE study apps incorporate games into their study plans, and you can find them online at sites such as Quizlet, FreeRice,  and  Cram. Are you still finding yourself getting stuck on certain vocabulary words? Try creating  picture pages  for the words that keep eluding you. Remember, studying for the GRE vocabulary test takes time. Be patient with yourself, take frequent study breaks, and reach out to friends for help if and when you need it.

Affirmative Action Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Affirmative Action - Research Paper Example Workforce diversity today has become a great virtue which increases the creativity of a company (Innovationmanagement, 2010). Despite all the benefits of affirmative action its active use in the U.S has created a new form of discrimination referred to as reverse discrimination. Reverse discrimination can be defined as the unfair treatment of the members of a majority group as a result of preferential policies intended to reduce discrimination against minorities (Dictionary, 2013). I personally think that reverse discrimination is a fallacy. Change is an inevitable part of society and a higher participation rate among minorities will consequently reduce the labor participation of the majority group. We should always remember the past when true discrimination led to the unethical and inhuman treatment of an entire race through slavery. A person that claims reverse discrimination should handle the pressures of the workplace instead of crying wolf. A way for people to increase their chances in the workplace is by acquiring formal training and

Introduction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Introduction - Essay Example This research is an effort to see how Primark has been able to apply its HR policies towards satisfying its customers and motivating the workforce. The main intention of the study is to develop an understanding of the concepts of Human Resources Management in general and how the established theories and principles are applied to a particular organization. During the study an effort will be made to observe the general working at Primark store in Manchester to seek answers to the following key objectives. Prerequisite to a decent work culture is about respecting individuals and treating everyone, customers and colleagues, with dignity. How Primark has been able to adopt a balancing approach towards motivating the workforce. Undertaking a research implies that one must be aware about the subject, and able to apply the knowledge gained in practical working environment. This research is also being undertaken with the vision that it helps in carving out an effective and efficient HR professional having thorough understanding of the ways employees can be motivated to give optimum performances. To come out with a quality research on the subject and get a feel of the competitive environment in retail industry, get to know about the HR policies of Primark in particular and how its employees feel a

The validity of class conflict, feminism, diversity and inequality in Essay

The validity of class conflict, feminism, diversity and inequality in the context of organization theory - Essay Example Reform is more thoroughly implemented through legislative change and mandate at the state or national level. Organization theory charts a multi-disciplinary approach to the structure of business institutions, alternatively relating psychological studies, anthropology, sociology, and systems theory to methodology and research drawn from other social sciences in order to de-construct business organizations and understand them thoroughly. In a sense, organizational theory does reflect multiculturalism in its multi-disciplinary inquiry, but feminists and other civil rights activists have had a much stronger ability to effect business practices by targeting social legislation and the education system as places to implement political change. In many ways organization theory and the evolution of multicultural awareness within it in the 20th century as related to feminism, diversity movements, and civil rights must be seen in context with the Marxist movement, with which it competes in many ways historically.

Testing and Assessment in ELT Essay Example for Free

Testing and Assessment in ELT Essay The notion that language tests have a damaging effect upon learning is reflected in much contemporary academic and media based criticism and speculation. This can be seen in relation to the meaning of the language being learned and the social context deemed crucial to understanding and developing language use. This is primarily because unlike many of the other educational disciplines, language is a cornerstone study as it is used in every study and forms the basis for all shared intellectual knowledge. That is to say, that every study uses the convention and medium of language as a basis for its knowledge. Furthermore, it is comparatively ambiguous in nature as it relates to the everyday development of the child and every stage of learning. It includes the very communicative and social reality of the individual and is used in thought itself. Other studies can be subsequently seen as having their own particular forms of language, which break from the socialised identity of the child in some respect. For instance, a studier of biology need not use the terms, words and knowledge they have come to learn in everyday life. Due to this, learning such technical forms of knowledge can be seen as something of a distinct formal language used for education. However, in the study of English language this is not possible as it incorporates the very understanding of language itself along with the identity of the child or learner. It is due to this that concerns have grown regarding the formalised testing of English. And it also due to this that we can agree with Hughes contention that such testing has a harmful effect on teaching and learning and fails to measure accurately whatever it is that they are intended to measure. Essentially, they do not measure the relevant foundational and social knowledge that forms an understanding of language itself. Subsequently, in this assignment we will be looking at some of the relative concerns in English tests and putting forward some of the theoretical and practical alternatives proposed and practised by educational theorists and researchers alike before presenting our conclusion. With this in mind, we shall turn to the role of the class room environment in the teaching of English language. The Role of the Class Room Environment The main concern related to the study and teaching of English language is regarding the concept of input. Input generally refers to the exposure that the learners have had with the authentic language being used and taught. It is input that constitutes the main focus of the English language class and the development of English related knowledge and development. This insight is used primarily as an entry point into the study of language and acts as the catalyst for any of the various topics being covered. Input can come from a range of diverse sources. This includes the teacher. However, this also includes the learners as well as the learning environment itself. As a technical term, input is relative to intake, which refers to the intellectual absorbing and internalising of the input based upon the subsequent topic and discussion. This therefore relates to the process of word and knowledge acquisition. Knowledge and language acquisition theories emphasise the importance of comprehensible and relative input. This is essentially language that is just beyond the competence of the learner and just outside of their field of internalised knowledge. This is generally referred to as being outside of the zone of proximal development; meaning outside of the learner’s own experienced and intellectually internalised structure of conceptual knowledge. However, if the input were too far outside of the zone of proximal development then the learner would not be able to understand. Contrastingly, if it were inside the zone of the proximal development then the learner would find this unnecessary or perhaps conflicting knowledge. However, with it being outside of the zone of proximal development then the learner can relate this new information to their already established structure of knowledge and build upon it to see how the new intellectual stimuli, information or language relates. Ultimately, this provides the ideal conditions for acquisition to occur. Further, this is reflected by the research of Lambert who states that: ‘Learners are encouraged to construct and produce knowledge in meaningful ways through the acknowledgment of prior experiences. Generative learning environments promote deep, engaged learning’ (Lambert 2003). This all means that the classroom environment is crucial to the teaching of English and the information input into this environment must be at an intellectual level at which the individual can begin to build from their own knowledge. However, this is also integral to the group, as in accordance to acquisition theory the group must be able to communicate and exchange their understanding within the classroom. This means that a focus is imperative to the class room environment and that the tasks are hugely important for the social learning dynamic. Essentially, if there is little communication between learners, then the intellectual development and needs of the group will be at odds and many of the children will be left behind as others excel. Although the case can be made for differences in intelligence and intellectual ability, such a difference made by an unequal environment and focus is artificial and would cause a discrepancy in either the focus or the input. Essentially, the difference in intellectual capacity and acquired knowledge would be due to lack of awareness rather than higher abilities of certain individuals. By keeping the class room environment an equally focused group made to share and exchange different knowledge and insights regarding a specific topic, the group can then become a mutually orientated group focused upon a shared goal. This also shows the importance and significance of the children’s identity, as without recognition of an individual’s identity and experiences within the social dynamics of the teaching environment the child may not be able to relate, understand and/or develop.